卡特彼勒CAT柴油发动机燃油喷射控制联动装置修理技术

卡特彼勒CAT柴油发动机燃油喷射控制联动装置修理技术

Injection control linkage repair technology Caterpillar CAT diesel engine fuel

燃油喷射控制联动装置

Fuel control linkage

每个缸头装有一个燃油喷射器(1)，齿杆(5)位置控制喷入气缸的燃油量，拉动齿杆离开喷油器喷油量相加，推动齿杆进入喷油器喷油量减少。

Each cylinder head is equipped with a fuel injector (1), toothed bar (5) the amount of fuel injected into the cylinder position control, pull rod rack left injector addition, push the gear lever into the injector to reduce the amount of.

通过角杆(3)改变齿杆位置，控制杆(4)移动角杆，控制杆上部有调节螺丝，调节螺丝用于使所有喷油器同步，控制杆加弹簧载荷。如果某一喷油器的齿杆粘住(不能动)，调速器仍将能够控制其它齿杆使柴油机可以停车。柴油机右边每根控制杆连接杆(6)到控制轴(8)。

Through the angle bar (3) change the gear lever position, control rod (4) mobile angle bar, control rod adjusting screw, used to synchronize all the injector adjusting screw, control rod spring load. If the tooth rod stuck an injector is (not), the governor will still be able to control other toothed bar of the diesel engine can stop. Diesel engine on the right of each control rod connecting rod (6) to a control shaft (8).

从柴油机前面看，调速器轴转向为顺时针时，调速器联锁动作反时针转动控制轴(8)，也就是，在燃油“开”方向(O N)。

The engine front, governor shaft turning clockwise, counterclockwise rotation speed of interlock control shaft (8), that is, in the fuel "open" direction (O N).

右边控制轴(8)和左边控制轴(2)通过交叉轴(9)连接，柴油机左边喷油器和控制轴(2)的联锁与右边相类似。

The right to control the shaft (8) and the control shaft (2) through the cross shaft (9) connected to the left, diesel engine injector and the control shaft (2) with the similar interlocking.

如果联锁件从调速器卸下，控制连锁的重力将移动喷油器到燃油“切断”(SHuTOFF)位置，因此柴油机停车。

If the interlocking pieces from the governor to unload control chain, gravity will move to the fuel injector "cut off" (SHuTOFF), so the engine stop.

燃 油 喷 射 器

Fuel injector

喷射器被挟持器(3)挟紧，摇臂(2)向下推动喷油器顶部时喷出燃油。凸轮轴通过提升器(7)和推杆(4)控制摇臂的运动，齿杆(5)控制喷油量，齿杆移动引起固定在柱塞的齿轮转动，柱塞的转动改变了柱塞有效行程(实际喷油的行程部分)。

The injector is holding device (3) controls the tight, rocker arm (2) down to push the top jet fuel injector. Cam shaft through the riser (7) and a push rod (4) control rocker arm motion, toothed bar (5) to control the fuel injection quantity, tooth movement caused by rotation in the plunger rod fixed gear, piston rotation changes the plunger stroke (stroke of part of the actual injection).

喷射定时有两个因素:凸轮轴(8)角位移和柱塞(6)位移，凸轮轴的角位移由柴油机尾部齿轮驱动的凸轮轴调节，柱塞位移可用螺钉(1)调节。

Injection timing has two factors: (8) the angular displacement of the camshaft and piston (6) displacement, camshaft angular displacement of the camshaft is driven by diesel engine tail gear adjustment, plunger displacement by bolt (1) regulation.

喷射循环

Injection cycle

当柱塞位于行程上部时，从燃油供应园腔来的燃油，绕着喷油器周围径柱塞套筒的上下通口流入。随着摇臂向下推动柱塞，燃油被挤压径下通口流回供油腔，此时，燃油可以经柱塞中心通道进入，又经套筒上通口流出，当柱塞(6)上的下斜槽封闭下通口时，燃油还可以通过上通口流出，直到柱塞上斜槽将上通口封闭。此是，喷油开始，即有效行程开始。在有效行程期间，燃油喷入气缸，直到柱塞(6)的向下移动使下斜槽和相通而进行卸压为止。

When the piston is located in the upper part of the stroke, the fuel supply garden cavity to fuel, around around the injector plunger sleeve up and down through the mouth into the. With the rocker arm down to push the piston, the fuel is extruded through the mouth into the oil cavity diameter, at this time, the fuel can be the center of plunger channel into, and the sleeve through hole, when the plunger (6) under the chute on the closed condition through the mouth, the fuel can flow through the opening, straight to the plunger chute the upper port closed. This is, injection, namely the effective stroke. During the effective stroke, fuel injected into the cylinder, piston (6) until the downward movement of the flume and communicated but relief.

在其余的向下行程期间，燃油流通过柱塞(6)的中心通道和下部通口，下部通口打开，而使压力突然下降引起燃油以高压力撞击回油装置，这回油装置保护了喷油壳体避免因回油压力而受磨损。向下行程时，喷油器套筒园腔重新充满燃油。

In the down stroke during the rest of the fuel flow, the plunger (6) the center channel and a lower opening, the lower port is open, but the sudden drop in pressure caused by high pressure fuel impinging oil return device, this device to protect the oil injection casing to avoid return oil pressure and wear. The downward stroke, injector sleeve Park cavity filled again with fuel.

摇臂(2)上下推动柱塞的同时，齿杆可以转动柱塞。柱塞上面有一平面与齿圈相固定，齿圈又与齿柱相接。齿圈内径上也有一平面，柱塞在齿圈内上下滑动，两接合平面使点圈和柱塞一起旋转，齿柱与齿圈相接。当齿杆移动时， 通过齿圈转动了柱塞。柱塞(6)转动控制喷油定时和喷油器输出量。柱塞的转动改变了柱塞槽与套筒通口的相对位置，因而增加或减少有效行程的长度。

The rocker arm (2) on the plunger is pushed at the same time, gear lever can rotate the plunger. Plunger with a plane and the gear ring is fixed, the ring gear which is connected with the tooth column. The ring gear on the inner diameter of a plane, a plunger sliding under the gear ring, two joint plane makes a point of ring and the plunger rotates with the ring gear, tooth column. When the gear lever, through the rotation of the ring gear of the plunger. Plunger (6) rotation control of injection timing and fuel injector output. The plunger rotation changes the relative position of the plunger and sleeve through the mouth of the groove, thus increase or decrease the effective length of stroke.

当齿杆一直向喷油器体移动，在柱塞向下行程中不发生喷油，这是燃油“切断”位置。离开喷油器体的小量齿杆移动作用为调速的“无油”移动或“停喷”位置。这段“无油”距离从齿杆向里推到尽头开始，到下斜槽与下通口相通而上斜槽与上通口相闭为止。齿杆从“断”位置移到“开”方向，在柱塞行程使斜槽封闭通口而开始喷油时有一个间距。随着齿杆在“开”方向向外移动，喷射冲程期间的燃油量增加，直到齿杆拉尽得到最大的喷油量。

When the gear lever to the injector body moving, injection can not occur in the down stroke of the plunger, fuel oil is the "off" position. Small toothed bar moving without the injector body for speed "oil-free" mobile or "stopped" position. This "oil-free" distance from pole to push to the end, to the flume and pass under the outlet and the chute and opening phase is closed so far. Gear lever from the "off" position to "open" direction, in the plunger stroke the chute closed port and start injection with a spacing. With the toothed bar in "open" direction moves outward, the amount of fuel injection to increase stroke, until the toothed bar pull do get the largest quantity of fuel injection.

柱塞上的斜槽用以定出开始喷油的时间和调节每喷油行程的燃油量，斜槽可以改变喷射相对于柴油机活塞位置的开始时刻，对于柴油机的不同载荷可以改变有效行程的长度。根据柴油机需要，喷油开始可以滞后以减少或增加喷油器输出量。

The chute on the plunger is used to set the start of fuel injection time and adjust each injection stroke fuel injection, chute can change relative to the piston position of the diesel engine start time, for different load of the diesel engine can change the effective length of stroke. According to the diesel engine, fuel injection began to lag increases the injector output to reduce or.

燃油喷射行程期间，燃油从套筒腔流经输油伐，输油伐有一个加载弹簧针伐，伐济锥形面与伐座相密合，输油伐角度比伐座角度稍大以形成线接触。输油伐在约20000至23000千巴(2800至3400磅／吋²)开启，在约10300千巴(1500磅／吋²)关闭。燃油从套筒子内的园腔，流经弹簧笼的钻孔通道和沟槽，而后通过伐将道流到针伐腔。在这里，燃油压力将针伐提升离开其座封座，燃油通过喷咀，离开喷咀孔道喷进燃烧室。

During the injection stroke, the fuel from the sleeve cavity through the oil valve, oil valve has a spring loaded needle cutting, cutting Ji conical surface and a valve seat sealing oil phase, cutting angle is slightly larger than the valve seat to form a line contact angle. Oil of around 20000 to 23000000 bar (2800 to 3400 lb / Cun) opening, at about 10300000 bar (1500 lb / Cun) closed. Fuel from the garden set within the package cavity, through the drilling channel and trench spring cage, and then through the flow of the needle cutting cavity. Here, the pressure of the fuel to be lifted from the needle cutting seat sealing seat, fuel through the nozzle, leaving the nozzle channel sprayed into the combustion chamber.

针伐上面有一个止回伐，防止高压燃气从喷油器逸出。在喷射循环间，如果针伐外杂物顶开一会儿，燃气可以跑进喷油器造成破坏，喷油器与止回伐一齐动作，直到外杂物被冲洗，开始正常工作为止。

Needle cutting with a check valve, prevent the release of high-pressure gas from the fuel injector. In the injection cycle, if the needle cutting outside sundries top open for a while, the gas can cause damage into the injector, the injector together and check cutting action, until the outer debris washed, start work now.

喷油器喷咀在缸头下伸短部分进入燃烧室，喷咀有几个小喷孔，均匀与布置在喷咀外经周围。活塞顶面是Ｗ型(墨西哥帽式)，活塞设计使得空气通过气伐进入燃烧室时引起涡流，这样，改善了燃油和空气的混合。

Fuel injector nozzle in the cylinder head elongation part into the combustion chamber, nozzle has a few small orifice, uniform and arranged on the nozzle and the surrounding. The top surface of piston is W (Mexico cap type), piston design makes the air caused by eddy current, gas cutting into the combustion chamber, improve the fuel and air mixing.